Autophagy definition
Autophagy (literally “self-eating”) is a lysosome-mediated intracellular bulk degradation pathway employed by eukaryotic cells when subjected to certain hostile conditions (such as nutrient deprivation) that triggers digestion and recycling of cellular contents. Various cytoplasmic constituents, including organelles, aggregated proteins, and long-lived proteins are sequestered into double-membrane autophagosomes, which subsequently fuse with lysosomes where their contents are degraded. Autophagic activity is critical to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and energy balance. Although typically low under basal conditions, autophagy can be markedly upregulated by a variety of physiological stimuli such as nutrient starvation, hypoxia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as immune and hormonal stimulation. Mounting evidence has connected malfunctions in autophagic processes to many clinically relevant diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, autoimmunity, and cardiovascular disease. Development of autophagy-targeting therapies will depend on a deeper understanding of the benefits, and potential consequences, of altering autophagic activity.
CYTO-ID® Autophagy detection kit
- Rapid, no transfection required
- Protocol validated with known inhibitors and activators of autophagic activity
- Selective and comprehensive staining allows differentiation between autophagic flux and autophagolysosome accumulation
- Negligible staining of lysosomes reduces background seen with other dyes
- Facilitates high-throughput screening of activators and inhibitors of autophagy
Enzo Life Sciences CYTO-ID® Autophagy Detection Kit measures autophagic vacuoles and monitors autophagic flux in lysosomally inhibited live cells using a novel dye that selectively labels accumulated autophagic vacuoles. The 488nm-excitable green dye has been optimized through the identification of titratable functional moieties that allow for minimal staining of lysosomes while exhibiting bright fluorescence upon incorporation into pre-autophagosomes, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes (autophagolysosomes). The kit also includes the Hoechst 33342 dye for the nuclear staining, an Autophagy Inducer (Rapamycin) and a Lysosomal Inhibitor (Chloroquine).
Mechanism of Action
The probe is a cationic amphiphilic tracer (CAT) dye that rapidly partitions into cells in a similar manner as drugs that induce phospholipidosis. Careful selection of titratable functional moieties on the dye prevents its accumulation within lysosomes, but enables labeling of vacuoles associated with the autophagy pathway.
| Cat-No. | Item | Size | Price (CHF) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENZ-51031-0050 | CYTO-ID Autophagy detection kit | 1 x 50 tests | 362.00 |
| ENZ-51031-K200 | CYTO-ID Autophagy detection kit | 1 x 200 tests | 736.00 |
Autophagy ELISA Kits
Sensitive p62 ELISA Kit allows for quantitative, immunometric detection of the autophagy biomarkers in human, rat and mouse cell lysates. The p62 protein has a dual functionality as both a scaffold protein and aiding in trafficking for protein degradation. ELISA kits enable quantitative measurement of autophagy without the need for expensive equipment or long procedures.
- Sensitive assays measure as little as 100 pg/mL of p62
- Fully quantitative results surpass semi-quantitative Western blot analysis
- High throughput format allows analysis of up to 40 samples in duplicate in less than 3 hours
- Easy-to-follow protocols and liquid color-coded reagents save time and reduce errors
| Cat-No. | Item | Size | Price (CHF) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADI-900-212-0001 | p62 ELISA kit | 1 x 96 wells | 922.00 |
| ADI-900-214-0001 | Grp78/BiP ELISA kit | 1 x 96 wells | 973.00 |
Autophagy Antibodies and Proteins
Enzo Life Sciences offers a large selection of autophagy related purified proteins and highly validated monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against peptides, whole or partial proteins, and modified peptides or proteins. Many of the antibodies are also available as conjugates to enzyme or fluorescent labels, expanding their utility in a variety of common applications including Western blot, flow cytometry, IHC, ICC, IF, IP, and more.
Enzo Life Sciences provides industry-leading tools for analysis of autophagy. Our portfolio contains compounds to modulate autophagy and detection assays such as Live Cell Analysis Kits, ELISAs and antibodies.
